Table of Contents
Introduction
Anti-tTG IgA antibodies are a significant component in the diagnosis and management of celiac disease. They target tissue transglutaminase (tTG), an enzyme found in the body, and their presence often indicates an autoimmune response to gluten intake in susceptible individuals.
Functionality of Anti-tTG IgA Antibodies
Anti-tTG IgA antibodies primarily function by binding to the tTG enzyme. This binding can be measured through specific serological tests, offering a sensitivity of approximately 90-98% and a specificity of 95-99% for celiac disease. These characteristics make them a reliable marker in clinical settings.
Clinical Applications
Celiac Disease Diagnosis
The presence of anti-tTG IgA antibodies is pivotal in diagnosing celiac disease, a condition affecting approximately 1% of the population. The antibody levels correlate with mucosal damage observed in jejunal biopsies, which range from Marsh stage 0 to 3C.
Monitoring of Treatment
Post-diagnosis, the measurement of anti-tTG IgA antibodies supports the monitoring of dietary compliance. A decline in antibody titers is expected within 6 to 12 months on a strict gluten-free diet, offering a non-invasive means to assess treatment efficacy.
Company Solutions
Several companies provide commercial solutions for the detection and quantification of anti-tTG IgA antibodies. Among them:
- Thermo Fisher Scientific: Offers the EliA™ Celikey method, known for its automation and high throughput capabilities.
- Bio-Rad Laboratories: Provides the BioPlex 2200 system, which combines the detection of anti-tTG IgA with other autoimmune markers.
- Euroimmun AG: Delivers the Anti-tTG ELISA as part of a comprehensive celiac panel, highly regarded for its precision.
References
- Schuppan, D., & Zimmer, K. P. (2013). The diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 110(49), 835–846.
- Hadithi, M., et al. (2007). Accuracy of serologic tests and HLA-DQ typing for diagnosing celiac disease. Gastroenterology, 133(6), 1935-1943.
- Ludvigsson, J. F., et al. (2014). The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms. Gut, 62(1), 43-52.
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